supercomputer is a computer that is at the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation. Supercomputers introduced in the 1960s were designed primarily by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), and led the market into the 1970s until Cray left to form his own company, Cray Research. He then took over the supercomputer market with his new designs, holding the top spot in supercomputing for five years (1985–1990). In the 1980s a large number of smaller competitors entered the market, in parallel to the creation of the minicomputer market a decade earlier, but many of these disappeared in the mid-1990s "supercomputer market crash".
Cloud computing holds plenty of promise—one key to success is planning ahead.
Cloud computing is an umbrella term used loosely to describe the ability to connect to software and data via the Internet (the cloud) instead of your hard drive or local network. The following story is the second in a three-part series—aimed at helping IT decision-makers break through the hype to better understand cloud computing and its potential business benefits.
As more and more businesses consider the benefits of cloud computing, IT leaders are suggesting the best strategy to this emerging technology model is a thoughtful plan that weighs its impact in all corners of the business.
Because cloud computing is a still-fledgling model, vendors and standards bodies are busy sorting through definitions and interoperability issues. That aside, businesses can be certain that cloud computing, at its core, is an outsourced service and outsourcing by its very nature implies potential risks.
Cloud computing can offer real benefits, including lower data center and overall IT costs, streamlined operational efficiency, and a pathway to the latest technology. But that doesn't mean it's the best path for every company or every application.
Outlined below, Lori MacVittie, technical marketing manager at Seattle-based application delivery provider F5 Networks, and William Penn, chief architect at Detroit-based on-demand platform provider Covisint, weigh in on key risk issues companies should consider before making the move to cloud computing.
1. Lack of planning. The biggest risk is not having a roadmap, says Penn. Companies need to understand how external services fit into their enterprise as a whole.
"It can be a struggle for some people to have the vision to incorporate outside services into their business plan," says Penn. "But the outside network, the cloud, needs to be part of that roadmap."
2. Integration challenges. Most businesses aren't moving all of their applications to the cloud, and probably never will-and this causes data integration challenges. Penn says it's important to remember that it isn't just hardware or software that needs integration, but also processes, problem resolution, and employee interaction with data and systems.
3. Security concerns. Security is top of mind for IT executives—both the physical security of the data center, as well as the intervening network and security of the data itself. Data in the cloud is housed and accessed via an offsite server owned by a third party. Companies need to carefully consider the security and liability implications for proprietary data and overall business models.
4. Compliance guidelines needed. Cloud providers haven't yet addressed various industry standards such as HIPAA or Sarbanes Oxley, so companies with strict compliance or audit constraints are less likely to be able to use external applications.
5. Lack of technology standards. For now, there are no technology industry standards for coordination within and among data centers or vendors. Technology industry leaders are still debating the definition of cloud computing itself, so it will take some time before any standards are set.
As more and more businesses consider the benefits of cloud computing, IT leaders are suggesting the best strategy to this emerging technology model is a thoughtful plan that weighs its impact in all corners of the business.
Because cloud computing is a still-fledgling model, vendors and standards bodies are busy sorting through definitions and interoperability issues. That aside, businesses can be certain that cloud computing, at its core, is an outsourced service and outsourcing by its very nature implies potential risks.
Cloud computing can offer real benefits, including lower data center and overall IT costs, streamlined operational efficiency, and a pathway to the latest technology. But that doesn't mean it's the best path for every company or every application.
Outlined below, Lori MacVittie, technical marketing manager at Seattle-based application delivery provider F5 Networks, and William Penn, chief architect at Detroit-based on-demand platform provider Covisint, weigh in on key risk issues companies should consider before making the move to cloud computing.
1. Lack of planning. The biggest risk is not having a roadmap, says Penn. Companies need to understand how external services fit into their enterprise as a whole.
"It can be a struggle for some people to have the vision to incorporate outside services into their business plan," says Penn. "But the outside network, the cloud, needs to be part of that roadmap."
2. Integration challenges. Most businesses aren't moving all of their applications to the cloud, and probably never will-and this causes data integration challenges. Penn says it's important to remember that it isn't just hardware or software that needs integration, but also processes, problem resolution, and employee interaction with data and systems.
3. Security concerns. Security is top of mind for IT executives—both the physical security of the data center, as well as the intervening network and security of the data itself. Data in the cloud is housed and accessed via an offsite server owned by a third party. Companies need to carefully consider the security and liability implications for proprietary data and overall business models.
4. Compliance guidelines needed. Cloud providers haven't yet addressed various industry standards such as HIPAA or Sarbanes Oxley, so companies with strict compliance or audit constraints are less likely to be able to use external applications.
5. Lack of technology standards. For now, there are no technology industry standards for coordination within and among data centers or vendors. Technology industry leaders are still debating the definition of cloud computing itself, so it will take some time before any standards are set.
Microsoft is proud that a system running Windows HPC Server 2008 took 10th place... behind nine supercomputers running Linux. Even then, this was really more of a stunt than a demonstration that the HPC Server system is ready to compete with the big boys.
The Roadrunner does have competition now though. The Cray XT Jaguar also recently busted the petaflop wall. The Cray also, of course, runs Linux. In the XT's case, it's running CNL (Compute Node Linux). CNL is based on SUSE Linux.
Needless to say, all the Linux systems do have working parallel-processing languages, like GCC, PGI and PathScale. For now, and the foreseeable future, Linux will not only stay the fastest computers, they'll also be the most useful fast computers.
